车用催化转化器及其对发动机性能影响的研究

本文论述了影响催化转化器性能的主要因素有催化剂，催化剂的中毒失效，催化转化器的结构和排气系统的影响，温度、发动机工作状况等；强调催化转化器的结构与发动机及排气系统匹配的重要性。     

分散式小区污水回用分析研究

污水回用处理可分为分散式和集中式,本文着重就分散式小区污水回用处理模式进行探讨,比较分析国内外典型国家或城市的技术和应用现状,在此基础上,指出我国分散式小区污水回用模式当前实施存在的问题及今后的发展趋势.     

大别山超高压变质杂岩的折返

作为世界上规模最大的一个超高压变质带，大别山超高压变质杂岩是扬子板块 与中朝板块在三叠纪碰撞造山的产物，表现为扬子板块呈北北东向斜向俯冲到中朝板块之下。 超高压变质杂岩的折返机制是个复杂的动力学过程，折返速率也随时间推移而变慢。早期阶段 （三叠纪－早侏罗纪）同碰撞期浮力驱动下高压－超高压变质杂岩在俯冲带内沿道冲－韧性剪 切断裂快速挤侵（ｅｘｔｒｕｓｉｏ）到地壳层位，折返速率高达４ｍｍ／年；中期伴随着巨厚造山带山根的 拆沉，上部发生拉张塌陷，使超高压变质杂岩进一步减压，但折返速率缓慢，～(４０)Ａｒ／~(３９)Ａｒ年代学显 示１１７Ｍａ前它们仍处在地壳的较深部；晚期伴随着晚侏罗－早白垩纪花岗质岩浆的上升侵位， 超高压变质杂岩进一步抬升，同时低角度正断层发育，此阶段的折返机制类似于变质核杂岩模 型。整个折返过程中剥蚀一直在起作用。     

Detecting neural tube defects by amniocentesis between 11 and 15 weeks' gestation

Forty-two open neural tube defects (NTDs) were identified in our series of 7440 amniocenteses tested between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation. Using a cut-off of ≥2.0 MOM, the detection rate for open NTDs was 95 per cent; 100 per cent each for anencephaly and spina bifida; and 78 per cent for encephalocele. Two encephaloceles had AFP levels less than 2.0 MOM and negative AChEs. Thirty-four (81 per cent) of these NTDs were tested between 13 and 15 weeks and 8 (19 per cent) before 13 weeks. There were 0.6 per cent false positives by AFP (excluding serious abnormalities and fetal death) and 0.1 per cent after AChE. The likelihood of an open NTD after an elevated AFP (≥2.0 MOM) was 24 and 77 per cent for any serious abnormality. These results, when combined with an earlier study, indicate that amniotic fluid AFP appears to be as sensitive a test for open NTDs between 13 and 15 weeks as between 16 and 20 weeks. Additional experience is necessary to determine this before 13 weeks.     

Prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors in peroxisomal β-oxidation

In recent years, an increasing number of inherited diseases in man have been recognized in which there is an impairment in the peroxisomal β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids. In general, these disorders are associated with severe neurological and physical abnormalities and death within the first years of life. In this paper we describe our experience with regard to the prenatal diagnosis of a number of different inborn errors of peroxisomal β-oxidation. Eleven pregnancies at risk were monitored by measuring very-long-chain fatty acid levels as well as very-long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation in cultured chorionic villous fibroblasts and/or amniotic fluid cells. Five affected fetuses were identified. It is concluded that prenatal diagnosis in this group of diseases can be done reliably using cultured chorionic villous fibroblasts or amniotic fluid cells.     

Trisomy 7 in chorionic villi: Follow-up studies of pregnancy,normal child,and placental clonal anomalies

Cytogenetic study of chorionic villi sampled because of advanced maternal age revealed, after overnight culture, an apparently non-mosaic trisomy 7. Amniocentesis showed exclusively normal mitoses, and the pregnancy continued normally. One hundred mitoses from cord blood of the normal newborn revealed a non-mosaic 46,XX complement. No cells with a proven trisomy 7 were found in cultures from either of two biopsies of the morphologically normal placenta, but the peripheral biopsy showed in multiple cultures an abnormal clone: 47,XX, + 20,-2,-21, + t(2;21)(p13;q22). To our knowledge, this is the first case of non-mosaic trisomy 7 detected on CVS which has had follow-up studies of amniotic fluid, cord blood, and term placenta.     

Optical Imaging of Odor-Evoked Glomerular Activity Patterns in the Antennal Lobes of the Ant Camponotus rufipes

 Ants have a well developed olfactory sense, which they need both for the perception of environmental chemicals, and for a highly sophisticated intraspecific communication system based on pheromones. The question arises therefore as to how different odors are coded in the antennal lobe, the first central neuropil to process olfactory information. We measured odor-evoked activity patterns using in vivo neuropil calcium recording in the antennal lobe of the ant Camponotus rufipes. We found that (a) odors elicit focal activity spots (diameter ca. 20 μm) which most probably represent the olfactory glomeruli; (b) different odors are coded in odor specific patterns of such activated spots, and a particular spot can participate in the pattern for different odors; (c) calcium increased in the activated spots within the 2-s stimulation period and slowly declined thereafter. Received: 10 March 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 5 July 1999